Patterns of Disease

in Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

Applied

Type

Modification

Confidence

95%

Created

Mar 19, 2026

Evidence

1 source

Rationale

The 2025 ACC Scientific Statement provides high-level evidence regarding the unique disease distribution in diabetic patients. Integrating this information into the 'Patterns of Disease' section ensures the textbook reflects current understanding of how diabetes influences the anatomical presentation of PAD, specifically highlighting multi-level disease and MAC.

Evidence

Das SR et al. Management of Peripheral Artery Disease in Adults With Diabetes: 2025 ACC Scientific Statement: A Report of the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025. PMID: 41405527.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

* Aortoiliac: Leriche syndrome (claudication, impotence, absent femoral pulses).[@rutherford2018-rutherford]
* Femoropopliteal: most common site.
* Infrapopliteal/tibial: common in diabetes/renaldiabetes mellitus (DM) and renal failure, often presenting as chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).[@ahaacc2016] Patients with DM typically exhibit more distal, multi-level disease patterns and increased medial arterial calcification (MAC).[@acc2025]
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