Personalized Medicine

in Future Directions in Vascular Surgery

Applied

Type

Addition

Confidence

85%

Created

Mar 19, 2026

Evidence

2 sources

Rationale

The section was updated to reflect the evolving landscape of personalized medicine in vascular surgery. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were added as a key genetic tool for cardiovascular risk assessment following the AHA scientific statement. Additionally, a new bullet point was added to incorporate the role of biomarkers and social determinants of health (SDoH) in risk stratification, reflecting recent scoping reviews on atherosclerotic disease management.

Evidence

Scalise E et al. Biomarkers and Social Determinants in Atherosclerotic Arterial Diseases: A Scoping Review. Ann Vasc Surg. 2025. PMID: 39863282.
Verified source
PubMedDOI
O'Sullivan JW et al. Polygenic Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022. PMID: 35862132.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

* Molecular profiling (e.g., abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture risk, venous thrombosis genetics) [@sakalihasan2018-abdominal].[@sakalihasan2018-abdominal] and the application of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk assessment [@polygenic2022].
* Integration of biomarkers and social determinants of health (SDoH) to refine risk stratification in atherosclerotic arterial diseases [@scalise2025].
* Targeted antithrombotic therapy [@compass2017] [@voyager2020].
* 3D printing for patient-specific device planning.
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