Follow-up
Applied
Type
ModificationConfidence
90%
Created
Mar 19, 2026
Evidence
2 sources
Rationale
The integration incorporates the most recent 2024 PAD guidelines Writing Committee Members for lower extremity surveillance and antithrombotic therapy, which are the standard of care for peripheral vascular reconstructions. It also refines the TEVAR follow-up section using the 2022 Aortic Guideline Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, Hamilton Black J 3rd, et al (already in the chapter but now more specifically applied to the text). All abbreviations were expanded on first use per instructions.
Evidence
Content Changes
removedadded
<!-- type: surveillance --> **Goals of follow-up** - Detect repair failure (stenosis, thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, endoleak), manage wound/soft tissue recovery, and support functional limb outcomes. [@rutherford2018] **Suggested surveillance by repair type** **Extremity open repair (primary repair, patch, vein bypass/interposition)** - Clinical exam and noninvasive testingtesting, (DUSincluding whenankle-brachial feasible)index (ABI) and duplex ultrasound (DUS), should be performed early after repair, thenrepair; interval follow-up basedis onthen determined by the injury pattern and reconstruction complexity. [@rutherford2018] [@svs2024] **Peripheral covered stent-grafts (e.g., subclavian/axillary/iliac)** - Clinical exam plus DUS/computedDUS or computed tomography angiography (CTA) as anatomy dictates; ensure surveillance is feasible before choosing a stent-graft strategy. [@rutherford2018] [@svs2024] **thoracic**Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for BTAI**blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI)** - CTA surveillance is required to assess for endoleak and device-related complications,complications. For BTAI, imaging is typically recommended at 1 month and 12 months post-repair, with subsequent interval imaging based on institutional protocol and guidelinedevice principles.stability. [@isselbacher2022] [@neschis2008] <!-- type: treatment --> **Antithrombotic considerations** - Antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation decisions depend on repair type, bleeding risk, and concomitant injuries. - Stent-grafts and bypasses commonly require antiplatelet therapy;therapy ensureto thismaintain patency; in the absence of contraindications, long-term antiplatelet therapy is recommended to reduce the risk of major adverse limb events. [@rutherford2018] [@svs2024] - Ensure antithrombotic regimens are compatible with the patient's intracranial/solidintracranial or solid organ injury profile. [@rutherford2018] <!-- type: outcomes --> **Quality improvement and outcomes tracking** - Participation in regional/national registries supports benchmarking and continuous improvement for vascular trauma pathways (including endovascular adjunct use and reintervention). [@vascunet2019] [@swedvasc2022] [@mani2020]