Atherosclerosis (dominant cause)

in Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

Applied

Type

Reinforcement

Confidence

95%

Created

Mar 26, 2026

Evidence

2 sources

Rationale

The 2023 and 2024 AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics reports provide the most current epidemiological data and global prevalence statistics for cardiovascular risk factors. These citations reinforce the existing list of risk factors for atherosclerosis. Abbreviations for diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were added to comply with the formatting guidelines for first use of medical terms.

Evidence

Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(8):e347-e913. PMID: 38264914.
Verified source
PubMedDOI
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8):e93-e621. PMID: 36695182.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

* Inflow lesions: aortoiliac.
* Outflow lesions: femoropopliteal, tibial, pedal.[@tasc2007]
* Risk factors: smoking, diabetes mellitus,mellitus (DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease,disease (CKD), obesity, sedentary lifestyle.[@ahaacc2016]lifestyle.[@ahaacc2016][@tsao2023-b][@martin2024-b]
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