Atherosclerosis (dominant cause)

in Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

Applied

Type

Reinforcement

Confidence

95%

Created

Mar 26, 2026

Evidence

2 sources

Rationale

The section was updated to incorporate the latest epidemiological evidence from the 2023 and 2024 AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics reports. These citations reinforce the existing list of risk factors with the most current global and US data. Additionally, abbreviations were expanded on first use to comply with the specified formatting guidelines.

Evidence

Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(8):e347-e913. PMID: 38264914.
Verified source
PubMedDOI
Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023;147(8):e93-e621. PMID: 36695182.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

* Inflow lesions: aortoiliac.
* Outflow lesions: femoropopliteal, tibial, pedal.[@tasc2007]
* Risk factors: smoking, diabetes mellitus,mellitus hypertension,(DM), hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease,disease (CKD), obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.[@ahaacc2016]lifestyle.[@ahaacc2016][@tsao2023-b][@martin2024-b]
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