Follow-up

in Overview of Vascular Disease

Applied

Type

Addition

Confidence

80%

Created

Mar 27, 2026

Evidence

1 source

Rationale

The section was updated to include recent evidence (2025) validating the ESVS risk-stratified surveillance algorithm for EVAR. This addition emphasizes the importance of 1-year sac dynamics, which is a significant clinical predictor for long-term follow-up planning. Abbreviations (DUS, ESVS, SVS) were expanded on first use per the provided instructions.

Evidence

Esposito D, et al. Implementation of the Updated European Society for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Proposed Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Surveillance Algorithm in a Multicentre Cohort with a Minimum Five Year Follow Up Adherence: Further Improvement of Results via 1 Year Sac Dynamics. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2025. PMID: 40216188.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

Surveillance ensures early detection of complications such as graft stenosis, endoleaks, and restenosis.

* **endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR):** computed tomography angiography (CTA) or DUSduplex ultrasound (DUS) at 1 month, 12 months, then annually (ESVS,(European SVS)Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS)) [@evar2019].
* **Open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair:** Imaging only if symptomatic.
* **Bypass grafting:** DUS at 1–3, 6, 12 months, then annually [@almasri2018].
* **Carotid (carotid endarterectomy (CEA)/carotid artery stenting (CAS)):** DUS at 6 months, then every 1–2 years [@esvs2018-esvs].
* **Venous intervention:** DUS at 1–3 months, then as clinically indicated.

For EVAR, risk-stratified surveillance per ESVS AAA guidance suggests that many standard EVARs may transition to duplex-based annual follow-up after a stable first-year scan, while complex anatomies or endoleaks require individualized schedules [@wanhainen2019, @aburahma2019]. Recent multicenter data supports the implementation of these updated algorithms, highlighting that 1-year sac dynamics (specifically sac shrinkage) are critical for predicting long-term stability and further refining the intensity of follow-up [@esposito2025].
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