Background

Rationale

The existing citation Wanhainen A, et al refers to the 2019 ESVS AAA guidelines, which have been directly superseded by the 2024 ESVS Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-Iliac Artery Aneurysms. Per the stale guideline replacement instructions, the stale citation is replaced with ESVS for the same claim about adherence to major vascular society guidelines. No other content changes are warranted as the Background section's summary statement remains accurate and the new guideline supports the same general claim.

Evidence

Content Changes

**Summary:** This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostic modalities in vascular surgery, ranging from bedside clinical examination to advanced imaging techniques and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) applications. The diagnostic approach must balance accuracy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and availability while adhering to evidence-based guidelines from major vascular societies. [@rutherford2018-rutherford] [@aha2016] [@esvs2019-aaa][@esvs2024-editors] [@eur2020] [@svs2024-n]

Reviewer Notes

Approved after replacement-first stale-guideline regeneration review. Clean same-family replacement of stale guideline citation with the known 2024 ESVS AAA superseding guideline.