Catheter Angiography (Digital Subtraction Angiography, DSA)

in Vascular Diagnostics and Imaging

Applied

Type

Modification

Confidence

90%

Created

Apr 19, 2026

Evidence

1 source

Rationale

The 2024 ACC/AHA Lower Extremity PAD Guideline (PMID 38743805) supersedes the 2016 AHA guideline for the same claim regarding DSA limitations and its reserved role for interventional procedures. Per the stale guideline replacement instructions, Patel MR, et al has been replaced with AHA rather than co-cited, as both support the same claim and the newer guideline is the current authoritative reference. No other substantive content changes are warranted.

Evidence

Gornik HL et al. 2024 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS Guideline for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease. Circulation. 2024. PMID: 38743805. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001251.

Verified source

PubMed DOI

Content Changes

removedadded

* Historically the gold standard.
* Now reserved for **interventional procedures** (angioplasty, stenting, embolization).
* **Advantages:** real-time imaging, therapeutic capability.
* **Limitations:** invasive, risk of complications (bleeding, dissection, contrast nephropathy). [@white2006] [@aha2016][@svs2024-gornik]

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