Follow-up

in Overview of Vascular Disease

Applied

Type

Modification

Confidence

90%

Created

Apr 19, 2026

Evidence

1 source

Rationale

The stale citation @esvs2024-editors was replaced with the superseding ESVS 2024 guideline (@esvs2024, PMID 41801947) for the same claim regarding risk-stratified EVAR surveillance. No additional content changes were required as the new guideline supports the same recommendation already present in the text. The co-citation with @aburahma2019 is retained as it supports a materially different (multicenter data) aspect of the claim.

Evidence

ESVS. Review of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-Iliac Artery Aneurysms: what is new and prospects for development. 2026. PMID: 41801947. DOI: 10.33029/1027-6661-2024-30-2-131-136.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

Surveillance ensures early detection of complications such as graft stenosis, endoleaks, and restenosis.

* **endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR):** computed tomography angiography (CTA) or duplex ultrasound (DUS) at 1 month, 12 months, then annually (European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS)) [@evar2019].
* **Open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair:** Imaging only if symptomatic.
* **Bypass grafting:** DUS at 1–3, 6, 12 months, then annually [@almasri2018].
* **Carotid (carotid endarterectomy (CEA)/carotid artery stenting (CAS)):** DUS at 6 months, then every 1–2 years [@esvs2018-esvs].
* **Venous intervention:** DUS at 1–3 months, then as clinically indicated.

For EVAR, risk-stratified surveillance per ESVS AAA guidance suggests that many standard EVARs may transition to duplex-based annual follow-up after a stable first-year scan, while complex anatomies or endoleaks require individualized schedules [@esvs2024-editors,[@esvs2024, @aburahma2019]. Recent multicenter data supports the implementation of these updated algorithms, highlighting that 1-year sac dynamics (specifically sac shrinkage) are critical for predicting long-term stability and further refining the intensity of follow-up [@esposito2025].
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