Atherosclerosis (dominant cause)

in Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

Applied

Type

Reinforcement

Confidence

95%

Created

Mar 26, 2026

Evidence

2 sources

Rationale

The integration of the 2023 and 2024 AHA statistical reports reinforces the existing list of risk factors for atherosclerosis with the most current global and domestic epidemiological data. The structure of the section was preserved while adding the standard abbreviation for chronic kidney disease (CKD) as per the instructions.

Evidence

Martin SS, et al. 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024. PMID: 38264914.
Verified source
PubMedDOI
Tsao CW, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2023 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023. PMID: 36695182.
Verified source
PubMedDOI

Content Changes

* Inflow lesions: aortoiliac.
* Outflow lesions: femoropopliteal, tibial, pedal.[@tasc2007]
* Risk factors: smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease,disease (CKD), obesity, sedentary lifestyle.[@ahaacc2016]lifestyle.[@ahaacc2016][@tsao2023-heart][@martin2024-martin]
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